21.4Functional substitution

Chords within the same functional family can often substitute for each other.

In C:

Tonic family

C, Am, Em

Predominant family

Dm, F

Dominant family

G7, B°

So instead of:

C | Am | Dm | G7 | C

you could try:

C | Em | F | B° | C

Same broad functional path.

Different color.