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3.8Harmonic minor
Take natural minor:
A B C D E F G A
Raise degree 7:
G → G♯
Now:
A B C D E F G♯ A
This is A harmonic minor.
Formula:
1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 7
Notice the natural 7.
The point is primarily harmonic:
Raising the seventh creates a leading tone that strongly resolves to the tonic.